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September 26, 2007 4:00 AM PDT

FAQ: What does the digital-TV switch actually mean?

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Q: Are there any limitations here? Can I use the coupons toward the cost of a digital TV?
The coupons may only be used for converter boxes certified for use by NTIA, and the agency placed a number of restrictions on what features they can employ. For instance, it's acceptable for the boxes to include an electronic program guide feature, equipment necessary for processing software upgrades, antenna inputs and video outputs. They also must meet certain energy efficiency and interference standards.

But the coupons can't be used toward digital TVs themselves or toward more "deluxe" devices that also contain, for instance, DVD-recording or playback capabilities.

Q: Does DTV mean HDTV?
Nope. As federal officials themselves note, digital television comes in many flavors. It can be low-resolution standard definition, or SDTV, or it can be high-resolution, or HDTV, or somewhere in between.

Q: Have any specific models been certified for use with the coupons yet?
Yes. NTIA confirmed that it gave the green light last week to two models produced by a Korea-headquartered company called Digital Stream. In a press release dated Friday, that firm estimated the price for each of those models would be about $70. (A more detailed spec sheet is posted at its Web site.) Several other companies, including LG, Samsung, RCA, Broadcom and Echostar, are reportedly in the process of seeking certification.

NTIA said it plans to include with the coupons it issues a final list of eligible devices, along with retailers near the household's ZIP code that sell some or all of them.

Q: When will the coupon-eligible boxes be available in stores?
The answer to that question remains a little murky. None is on the market yet, but NTIA has said retailers expect to have them by "early next year"--a statement that Best Buy, for one, echoes on its Web site.

Radio Shack vice president of merchandising Larry Harris told attendees at an NTIA public meeting this week that he expects all of the company's approximately 6,000 company-owned and franchise stores to carry coupon-eligible boxes as close to January 1 as they're available. He said the company hopes to begin outfitting its point-of-sale systems to work with the IBM-contracted coupon system within the next 30 days.

Q: What if the coupons run out?
Some consumer groups have argued that Congress should really be making double the number of coupons available to accommodate all of the some 70 million television sets they expect will need the converter boxes. Some Democrats have thrown support behind that idea.

Echoing statements he and other Republicans made earlier this year, Rep. Fred Upton (R-Mich.), the ranking member of a House of Representatives telecommunications panel, said this week that he doubts the coupons will run out. He told NTIA public meeting attendees that about 23 million are expected to be requested, based on the number of consumers who rely on over-the-air television.

If there aren't enough, he added, "I'm sure there will be a bipartisan effort to make sure the funds are there, but I think we'll be OK."

Q: How can I tell whether my TV is currently able to receive digital signals?
Check your owner's manual or the TV set itself for indication that it contains either an integrated HDTV tuner or an Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) tuner, which refers to the American digital-TV standard. If you can't track down the manual in paper form, try searching for your TV's make and model number at the manufacturer's Web site.

A TV designated "HD-ready" or "HDTV monitor," by contrast, does not have a built-in ATSC tuner, which means you must supplement it with a converter box or subscribe to cable or satellite.

The newer your TV is, the greater the chance that it's already primed for the switch. If it's older than a 1998 model, when TV manufacturers first began offering a limited quantity of TVs with integrated digital tuners, it likely needs a converter box. An uptick in the number of TVs equipped with digital tuners began in 2004.

Q: Remind me again--why are we even making this shift?
The U.S. government has actually been attempting to clear off the analog TV spectrum for many years to make the prime airwaves available for public safety responders and for mobile broadband projects. A portion of the vacant spectrum will automatically be set aside for use by emergency broadcasters. The FCC plans in January to start auctioning off the rest to companies, including the likes of Google, eager to take advantage of the spectrum's inherent physical properties, which allow signals to travel farther and penetrate walls.

All told, the auction is expected to generate between $10 billion and $15 billion to offset the government's deficit.

Q: Then who's to say this whole process won't be delayed again?
So far, all we have to go by is the word of Bush administration officials presiding over the plan, and they say they're determined for it to go off without a hitch. "It is critically important for a host of public policy reasons, and that's why it's so important that we get it done," Commerce Department Assistant Secretary John Kneuer told about a hundred people gathered for a digital-television expo (PDF) at the agency's downtown Washington headquarters this week.

Q: What's in this for me as a TV watcher?
Digital television delivers clearer pictures (meaning less-snowy versions of your favorite broadcast TV shows) and sharper sound than its analog counterpart. It also allows broadcasters to do "multicasting" of various channels at the same time--say, weather on one channel, a soap opera on another, and news on a third. According to the National Association of Broadcasters, more than 1,600 television stations already offer digital-broadcasting streams.

CNET News.com's Declan McCullagh contributed to this report.

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Add a Comment (Log in or register) 47 comments
I'm in no hurry
by rcrusoe September 26, 2007 5:38 AM PDT
Since congress says cable operators must support analog tvs until 2012, I'm going to wait until there is enough (good) HD content available to it worth make purchasing a new television.

Five years might be long enough for that to happen.
Reply to this comment
well you needn't be...
by skeptik September 26, 2007 6:06 AM PDT
Since you're apparently getting your signal from a cable operator, this entire issue doesn't apply to you. Didn't you read the article?
Oh and um... HD content isn't the only reason to get a new TV set... fortunately for you, the converter box will downgrade all future digital signals (HD or otherwise) so you can continue to get the same inferior signal for as long as you can keep that old set running!
But you might want to upgrade that 8 track player in your car now... there has been some decent content released in the time since they quit producing those tapes.
View all 3 replies
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
by paulsecic September 26, 2007 11:26 AM PDT
Its going to cost $20 extra a month from Dish, $15 from Directv
this year alone.
Editorial disguised as news
by michaelo1966 September 26, 2007 6:11 AM PDT
This is an editorial against the digitial to analog converter subsidies disguised as news. My guess is almost anybody reading news.com will think the coupons are a needless waste but you should just report the boondangle and allow us -- the loyal readers -- to suggest that they're stupid, which they of course are.
Reply to this comment
When Analog Goes Dark
by Renegade Knight September 26, 2007 7:16 AM PDT
I'm stuck. Right now everthing just works. My DVR's, My TV's all work with no set top boxes mucking up my remote controls and ability to record a show. When we go digital, I lose the convenience thanks to a lack of government standards on how the signals should be broadcast.

Right now, Analog just works. Digital is propriatary as heck and a PITA.
Reply to this comment
Really...
by theshoehorn September 26, 2007 9:10 AM PDT
And you're how old? 60? Time to get with the program and get cable/satelite or get a digital capable DVR, like a Series3 TiVo.
View reply
Been Ready Since 2000
by Captain Bebops September 26, 2007 9:31 AM PDT
I bought my 53" HDTV in fall of 2000. I live in a valley where there is no OTA so there is either the choice of satellite or cable (no IPTV availabe yet). I currently have cable and have done satellite both with HD receivers. And on top of that I have an HD tuner for one computer and a networked HD tuner. I've been ready for some time and ready for more channel to provide actual HD content instead of upverted SD. One thing people never mention about the transition is we're getting rid of that terrible Not The Same Color (NTSC) standard (kludge) which is a big win all the way around.

The technology keeps getting cheaper so this is much ado about nothing. In fact I recently bought a 720p camcorder for only $150.
Reply to this comment
VCR's
by reinab September 26, 2007 10:05 AM PDT
I know everyone is into dvd's and dvr's, but will
we be able to record programming off the tv with
our years old vcr's?
Thanks
Reply to this comment
With a converter box
by dmine45 September 26, 2007 11:17 AM PDT
If you use a converter, you can record just fine on that old VCR. Problem is that you'll have to manually set the channel on the box, just like if you had a cable box.
What About Analog Cable?
by dwgsp September 26, 2007 11:06 AM PDT
Your answer to the first question was incomplete. I subscribe to cable, but receive an analog signal which I watch using my "cable ready" television. I don't have a cable box. What does the digital transition do to folks like me?
Reply to this comment
Two answers
by E B September 28, 2007 12:12 PM PDT
Answer 1: It means nothing to you, because the change applies only to over-the-air broadcasts.

Answer 2: Talk to your cable company. Sooner or later, you'll need a box from them, or an upgraded TV. When that happens depends not on this law, but on your cable provider.

It seems likely that once over-the-air broadcasts are all digital, cable companies will initially sell their service as a way to avoid having to buy a converter box. Sooner or later though, cable companies will start pulling support for analog channels (reasoning that you've already upgraded to a digital TV, and if you haven't they still have you as a captive audience). It's to their benefit to drop them, for much the same reasons -- they can offer more channels if they use that analog signal space for digital signals instead.
You're good to 2012
by dmine45 September 26, 2007 11:21 AM PDT
The 2009 deadline is for OTA programming. Cable isn't required to change over until 2012.
Most cable systems already have digital to analog converters, so when the OTA change occurs, you won't see anything different since you've probably already been converted, you just didn't realize it.
Reply to this comment
Ways to avoid abuse
by usacascl September 26, 2007 11:42 AM PDT
In the application form, applicants must enter their TV model, brand, year and size. Sure enough they can make fake information (and when get inspected simply say it was sold). So there must be some sort of agreement to not sell the TV(s) for a period of time (6 months or 1 year at least). At least it can give enough time for inspectors.

My 2 cents.
Reply to this comment
What about the antenna?
by stlwest September 26, 2007 11:52 AM PDT
OK, just for those poor folks the writer calls the minority who haven't bought a new TV since March and aren't on cable or satellite. Do you have any numbers to support that minority statement?

You've indicated a requirement for a digital tuner but will that work with a current antenna in the attic? Also are the frequencies handed out for digital transmission as good as the one's the government is hijacking?
Reply to this comment
More antenna info
by RIKARD-EL September 26, 2007 12:10 PM PDT
Try this web site. It contains a plethora of info re/ antennas. A tool is provided to show you where the TV transmission towers are in relation to your residence. http://www.antennaweb.org/aw/welcome.aspx
Antenna might be OK
by Holly Klug September 26, 2007 7:07 PM PDT
If it has UHF, maybe. Channels 2-7 are moving to UHF (I suppose in some areas where 8-13 are not used, they could go there), so 2-7 move to UHF. So if you don't get a strong signal now, those new UHF channels might not come in since the range is less. Right now nearly all digital TV is UHF, since 8-13 are still analog. We have a cabin 40 miles from the antennas and in a low-lying area, and with a roof UHF antenna and mast mounted booster we can only get the lowest digital UHF channel reliably (17).
View reply
Audio flaws in digital TV
by KSman01 September 26, 2007 11:53 AM PDT
I don't understand why the audio is often so out of sync with many digital broadcasts and why obviously broadcasters do not seem to care. Maybe we need a FTC regulation to get things right. Compare digital and analog programming on PBS that are broadcast at the same time as standard def and HD. The sync on the standard def is fine and very much off on the HD.
Reply to this comment
Audio Flaws in DTV
by davidhoffman September 28, 2007 9:53 AM PDT
I have seen some of this. It sometimes involves station engineers who are having trouble getting the DTV signal proceessing equipment to keep the audio and video on the same time. The audio goes thru faster than the video. Also my television does not have the latest ATSC tuner and the processsor gets hung up dealing with the video while letting the audio thru. By next year TVs with better tuners will be available to correct some of this problem.
Converters out today, no need for Gov't subsidies!!!
by libertyforall1776 September 26, 2007 11:55 AM PDT
Digital TV converters are out today and have been for some time, I
have a combo Digital/HD w DVD Upscaler (look on ebay, they're
not expensive), so there is no need for Government subsidies!!!

Just another example of why government does not work.

Ron Paul for President 2008! http://ronpaul2008.com
Reply to this comment
Are you sure?
by Holly Klug September 26, 2007 7:21 PM PDT
I do not seen any of these devices that receive over the air HDTV signals from an antenna, which is what you would need. What these devices do is allow a standard definition cable or VCR signal to work with an HDTV only television. What you would need with an ordinary TV in 2009 is an HDTV receiver or set top box. This is more of a down converter, rather than an up converter application.
Dolt.
by Tomcat Adam September 28, 2007 11:27 AM PDT
1)Cable providers are pushing this a hell of a lot harder than the government, so if you're to place 'blame', start with them.
2)How does the government HELPING people make them fail helping this situation?
3)Digital converters out today cost upwards of $300.
Hmm
by krazyken44 September 27, 2007 6:26 AM PDT
Does this sound like big-brother again to me. I love how the government solves it problems. Send use a coupon lol.

1. Analog TV has always worked for me.
2.HD, SDTV, and EDTV is costly.
3.Along with fact it kills VCR I'm not interested.
4.The government is involved; this makes me leary.

Now, my statement is if ain't broke why fix it, but even worse is the government is getting in the deal.
I do realize I'll have to someday give up and buy a new TV. I consider it then, but not untill then.
Reply to this comment
The bow wasn't broken
by Tomcat Adam September 28, 2007 11:37 AM PDT
So why use a rifle?
This isn't "big brother" in the slightest way; They aren't watching you, and the converter boxes don't record you nor your habits in any conceivable way.

1)Good. But it is slow, inefficient and like it or not, technology has to advance. When it comes to technological advancement, the greater majority of the public > small minority.
Your statement is the same as saying "writing always worked for me, why use a typewriter?"

2)And getting exponentially cheaper. Much in the same way that the computer/TV you are using was extremely costly 10, 15 years ago.

3)lol wut? How does it kill vcr's? Converter -> VCR on channel 3 or through AV -> TV on Channel 3 or AV. Problem solved.
If you have a newer VCR that schedules recordings, most digital set top boxes can be programmed to switch the channel at specific times during the day.

4)All the government is doing is oversight; the switch itself is managed by individual stations.
by hydrodev November 25, 2008 8:52 AM PST
@ tomcat

You missed the point. Read the book again. It not the one standout fact about the book 1984, whch is the telescreen. The point he was making is that there is controll over information. The fact then the only info you have or can have access to is what you ar allowed. It not that they will be watching, its about them being able to alter facts and info about history, science and other subjects at will. They dictate the events of the past, rather than record them. Try ACTUALLY reading the book, rather than lean on common knowledge of the book. If you have read the book, take a class on comprehension.

This IS VERY BIG BROTHER.
But...
by evilbill1782 September 27, 2007 12:46 PM PDT
...what if you have a seriously ancient TV (say, from the 1970s) and no money? I know a converter box would work, but since my TV doesn't have a remote control and only has 8 channel selectors, I'm a bit out of luck...
Reply to this comment
Channel 3
by Tomcat Adam September 28, 2007 11:30 AM PDT
If it works with a VCR then it would work with a converter (ala placing the TV on channel 3).
Channels are changed on the converter itself.
I got a better idea...
by Penguinisto September 27, 2007 1:20 PM PDT
...how about I simply stop watching broadcast television?

No, really - if left to my own devices, I rarely go near the thing for broadcast or cable/sat TV, instead using it as more of a monitor for DVD and computer-borne videos.

I can get local/nat'l/international news online. Sitcoms suck. Dramas (lately) suck. There's nothing really else worth watching on the thing outside of the occasional documentary.

Maybe then, the television industry might get the hint?

/P
Reply to this comment
Nope.
by Tomcat Adam September 28, 2007 11:28 AM PDT
You are, and always shall be in the very, very small minority that no broadcaster cares about, and never will care about.
View reply
Let it Go!!
by azlizird September 29, 2007 11:03 AM PDT
We all complain of the "Big Business" having us by the gonads, and they do! So let us "let Them Go" and return to reading and writing and Yes THINKING!!! AZLIZIRD
Digital TV
by Jim Harmon September 29, 2007 3:02 AM PDT
[i]If there's one message the government wants you to know about analog televisions going dark in early 2009, it's this: don't panic.[/i]

What's this from, [i]Hitchhiker's Guide to Digital TV?[/i] :)
Reply to this comment
battery operated TV's
by stephtrey September 29, 2007 10:55 AM PDT
I am frequently on the road or in places where electricity is not available. I use a battery operated television. After the switch, how will I be able to get a signal without electricity to run the box??
Reply to this comment
Battery operated TV's
by exmoviddude April 7, 2008 3:01 PM PDT
Those of us using TV's in our RV's that require the box will also need a dc/ac inverter. This means two more current consuming devices that will diminish the life of the batteries supplying the TV, Box and inverter. Does anybody know the current draw of these boxes?
The Empire
by solrosenberg September 30, 2007 9:52 AM PDT
The people get their subsidized bread and circuses and the government gets its $10-15 billion for more imperial wars. Win win!
Reply to this comment
Not that easy to abuse
by tundraboy September 30, 2007 10:18 AM PDT
I'm not to crazy about the feds handing out coupons but hell
they gave away the digital frequencies FOR FREE to the networks,
at least they're throwing the little guys some crumbs. If anyone
is going to complain about the potential for abuse with the
vouchers, I'd want to hear him raise hell about those FREE
frequencies first. Why do the networks get a free pass while
everyone else has to bid for a spot in the spectrum?

Furthermore, exactly how does one abuse the vouchers? You
still have to buy a converter for 50-70 dollars. If you think you
end up ahead if you spend 10 dollars to get a 40 dollar discount
on something you don't, then you're an idiot and you deserve to
be parted from your money.

The only potential fraud is the converter box manufacturers
turning in coupons for fictitious converter sales. But that is
easily prevented.
Reply to this comment
Sorry, missing word. . .
by tundraboy September 30, 2007 10:20 AM PDT
If you think you end up ahead if you spend 10 dollars to get a 40
dollar discount on something you don't NEED, then you're an idiot
and you deserve to be parted from your money.
$15B will pay for about 2 months of Iraq
by sam99999999 January 3, 2008 1:30 AM PST
Such a shame. At the time this plan was hatched, we were supposed to end up with "HDTV", not just "DTV".

But worse, this is a one-time spectrum auction that will net the government an estimated $15 billion. That sounds like a lot of money.

But Bush will have blown that amount of money in Iraq in the next two months. In other words, by the time the first converter coupons become available. What an abominable waste.

Vote for Ron Paul, Dennis Kucinich, Bill Richardson, or anyone else that will get us out of Iraq and restore some fiscal discipline in Washington.
Reply to this comment
The Government.........
by dakotawbrown34 March 19, 2008 3:19 AM PDT
My personal OPINION on the subject would be that WE should have the choice of what type of TV we watch. The government should just stop telling us what to do. They think they can just get by controlling our lives.
Reply to this comment
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