January 16, 2008 4:00 AM PST

Perspective: Is GPS liability next?

See all Perspectives
Is GPS liability next?
Related Stories

Boom predicted for GPS-enabled handsets

January 15, 2008
perspective An automobile driver recently was held responsible for crashing a rental car into a train after following global positioning system instructions that put his rental car onto the train tracks.

This raises the specter of automobile drivers pointing the liability finger at GPS providers and filing lawsuits against such providers when GPS instructions are not accurate.

The facts of the particular rental car-train crash were reported at LoHud.com (a news outlet for New York's Lower Hudson Valley) on January 3. A California computer technician who was visiting the East Coast followed the car's GPS instructions, which told him to turn right as he was crossing the railroad tracks. He was trying to get to a parkway shortly beyond the tracks.

As the driver crossed the tracks, the car become stuck and could not move. The driver tried but failed to reverse the car off of the tracks. Ultimately, he left the vehicle.

The driver witnessed an oncoming train. He waved his arms, trying to stop the train. However, the train was not able to slow down enough to avoid a collision. The train smashed into the car. Although nobody was hurt, hundreds of passengers were delayed for two hours, and a number of other trains were canceled or delayed in the wake of the accident.

Because of the collision, the rental car, the train, and more than 200 feet of the electrified third rail of the tracks were damaged. The rental car driver was issued a summons and is being held liable for the damage to the train and track.

Does the rental car driver have recourse against the GPS provider? What if the instructions provided to him were not accurate in terms of his intended destination?

While not enough is known as to whether the GPS instructions in this particular instance were accurate, the question still remains, because, even though GPS instructions are of great value and often are correct, they are not perfect.

I recall one instance, when I rented a car in Florida. The GPS system told me I arrived at my destination, when in fact I was still in the middle of a highway with about another half mile to go before arriving. It was a good thing I did not assume I had arrived and simply stopped in the middle of the highway.

I remember another time when I was trying to get to a gym for a youth basketball tournament, and the GPS instructions concluded my route by leaving me at the end of a cul de sac facing a field with no gym in sight. No harm, no foul, as I found the gym a few miles away on my own.

But getting back to the question of what happens if a GPS unit's instructions lead to an accident? While a driver might argue that he or she paid for a service, is entitled to rely upon the accuracy of the service, and can seek to hold the provider of the service responsible if the service does not perform properly, a GPS service provider would have counterarguments.

Who bears responsibility?
First, likely, the written contractual materials, and the click-through materials to operate a GPS device, would disclaim any responsibility in this scenario and would require the driver to ensure that his or her driving of the vehicle was safe wholly apart from whatever the GPS device tells him or her to do.

The question then would be whether this would be considered a bargained for and enforceable contractual provision, or whether it would be considered an unenforceable "adhesion contract." That would be for a judge to decide.

Second, separate from contractual terms, a GPS service provider could argue that it was not too long ago that GPS devices weren't available to drivers. Indeed, to this day, many drivers do not use such devices. Thus, for decades and even now, drivers must independently figure out how to get to their intended destinations. Accordingly, just because a GPS now might provide some assistance, it is unreasonable to allow a driver to fob off all responsibility on the GPS provider.

On the other hand--and when it comes to legal matters, there always is another hand--a GPS device, when operational, at a minimum, is very distracting, and at most, is quite commanding. When tooling through unfamiliar territory and given explicit directions by a GPS device, a driver must make a decision in a split second what to do. At that point, it might not be unreasonable if he or she relied upon the GPS instructions.

As technology advances, the law follows, and I wouldn't be surprised to see more GPS cases going forward that map out (pardon the pun) this area of the law.

Biography
Eric J. Sinrod is a partner in the San Francisco office of Duane Morris. His focus includes information technology and intellectual-property disputes. To receive his weekly columns, send an e-mail to ejsinrod@duanemorris.com with "Subscribe" in the subject line. This column is prepared and published for informational purposes only, and it should not be construed as legal advice. The views expressed in this column are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the author's law firm or its individual partners.

More Perspectives

See more CNET content tagged:
GPS, rental car, train, instruction, gym

Add a Comment (Log in or register) 36 comments (Showing first 20 comments)
Is it possible...
by lmasanti January 16, 2008 4:34 AM PST
Is it possible that we regain our own responsability.
A man is crossing the railroad and paying attention to the GPS.

I'm glad that that man has enough intelligence left in its brain to
went out of the car... Or was this a GPS order?

Doesn't the military service that provides the GPS signal warns
you about inaccuracies due to "defense reasons"?
Reply to this comment
Sorry article
by ncgmcpherson January 16, 2008 4:37 AM PST
This is a half hearted article. Why didn't you look at your own contract and tell us what it says and what the current rights are. It appears you read a newspaper article and gave your opinion.

BTW, I will say anyone who turns on to a set of train tracks because a GPS unit told him to is nuts! I know people have become lazy over the years, but that is beyond anything I ever thought I would hear about. Wonder if he would have driven into a lake if it told him to.
Reply to this comment
You can sue for anything these days
by lkrupp January 16, 2008 4:50 AM PST
I'm sure the tort lawyers are searching through their law books
as we speak. This sounds like a perfect way for the lawyers to
make some more easy money. Of course it takes stupid people
on juries to actually do the dirty deed but that's never been a
problem in our country. There are plenty of stupid people who
get on juries.

This will probably work because it follows the tried and true
formula for liability cases...

Stupid person + stupid action + ambulance chasing lawyer =
money.
Reply to this comment
UGH!
by mreiher January 16, 2008 5:07 AM PST
All I can say is the human behind the wheel - not the GPS is the one
that wrecked! This is just another example of the news over
sensationalizing common sense.
Reply to this comment View reply
GPS Disclaimer
by LarryLo January 16, 2008 5:14 AM PST
When I start my car, I have to agree to a legal sounding disclaimer about road directions and conditions, use your better judgement, yada yada yada.

Wouldn't that insulate the manufacturer from being sued?

If they are successfully sued, I can see a new message showing up "If you want to use our GPS press here, agree not to sue and to mandatory arbitration" ;)
Reply to this comment
GPS
by MichaelSM55 January 16, 2008 5:15 AM PST
Well, I do a bit of ocean sailing, and it was remarkable to be in Hobart recently, and to find that our yacht was 4 km inland of our dock.
According to the GPS.
It becomes a matter of who puts the info into the GPS.
Surely it is the responsibility of the GPS owner to update the parameters.
Garbage in, rubbish out, as they say.
Mike.
Reply to this comment
I am sick and tired of stupid people
by eBob1 January 16, 2008 5:20 AM PST
Stupid people are going to ruin it for everybody. If a navigation device maker is sued because someone is stupid enough to follow its instructions verbatim without looking, then there will be no such devices for people to use. They will simply be withdrawn from the market.

There was a time when stupid people simply got themselves killed by doing something stupid. Nowadays, they are protected so they are able to mature and breed. Just look at all the people voting for Obama and Huckabee.

I see stupid people. They're everywhere and they vote!
Reply to this comment
Specifically stated in the manual and elsewhere...
by whizkid454 January 16, 2008 5:45 AM PST
"Your device is a driving AID, not a driver replacement. Use your best judgment at all times while driving."

Since common sense isn't that common anymore, how about I give a helpful suggestion: READ!
Reply to this comment
A GPS does not replace good sense
by TravP January 16, 2008 6:12 AM PST
Until our GPS devices are actually driving our cars, the driver is still the one ultimately responsible for paying attention and operating the vehicle in a sensible manner.

If a GPS told me to cross train tracks that did not have an obvious road crossing, I'd keep driving past that point and let the GPS do an automatic re-route.

Most GPS devices warn you a good 3-400 feet in advance of route changes, so there's really no excuse for not looking ahead to see where you're going. So far, I have not had to make any "split second" driving decisions while using a GPS since I'm willing to miss the turn, come back around, and get back on route rather than making sudden movements in traffic.

The GPS is a tool that aids in navigation. It is not a replacement for paying attention while driving.
Reply to this comment
Disclaimer not needed
by Hernys January 16, 2008 6:30 AM PST
I would say that a disclaimer screen in the GPS or manual is not even needed. If you guided yourself with a paper map and found that the track on the map was off by a few hundred meters, would you blindly follow the map? If you crashed against a wall then, would you sue the map company?
A map is clearly an aid, but no one can use it without applying common sense. Same thing for a GPS. Otherwise we will have to start including disclaimers in paper maps.
Reply to this comment
Grand Canyon
by tlassanske January 16, 2008 6:39 AM PST
Seems I was smart enough not to listen to MY GPS when it told me to drive off-road and over the edge of the Grand Canyon!
Reply to this comment
A GPS is a Tool. Just like the Car.
by Renegade Knight January 16, 2008 7:13 AM PST
It's a mapping tool What would this driver had done 20 years ago when he followed a paper map to the exact same location? GPS has the same issues as any other map. Mostly accurate, partly not.
Reply to this comment
When it's between a car & a train?
by irondog1970 January 16, 2008 7:29 AM PST
Even if the gates malfunctioned, even if the bells didn't ring, even if the red lights weren't flashing, when it comes down to a train hitting a car, it is always the car's fault.

Call me crazy, but a driver should 1) pay attention to the road & is responsible at all times to know what road conditions are, 2) stop, look, listen, and live.

Sound advice when I was 15 getting my learner's permit, and I think those words still apply today.
Reply to this comment
Driver's Responsibility
by ittesi259 January 16, 2008 7:33 AM PST
It is a the driver's requirement to maintain control of the car in all situations. Its not a radio stations fault if he's so concerned whats happening on the radio he rear ends the person in front of him. Likewise my GPS unit makes me hit a button to get off a warning screen telling me that although I have this, I need to pay attention.

What nobody has reported, and what I am curious about...is did this moron actually turn onto the track or just get stuck in the crossing? Common sense says "Um, thats a railroad track".

Of course in the "Its everybody's fault but mine" society we have, I'm sure he'll sue the GPS Manufacturer.....and lose.
Reply to this comment View reply
This is What's Wrong with America
by cmstratton January 16, 2008 8:02 AM PST
I'm glad to see this article is still more of a thought experiment, but if someone really were to press a lawsuit like this, it truly would be representative of one of the biggest things wrong with America - our litigious society.

No one wants to assume responsibility for their actions anymore. As soon as something bad happens, people are quick to point the finger at someone else and raise a lawsuit because it's "their fault."

What if the GPS had told the person to turn off of a 50 foot bridge into the water. Would a reasonably sane person say "well the GPS told me to 'jump off the bridge' so I'd better do it." Or would a reasonably sane person say "There must be something wrong with the GPS, this isn't right."
Reply to this comment
Technology is the Opiate of the Masses!
by itchief January 16, 2008 8:30 AM PST
Every time I hear the adjective "smart" added to a noun (smart car, etc.) I think of all the stupid people who will abrogate their common sense and judgment to a silicon chip. Unfortunately, the next "logical" step is for them to abandon their responsibility and to sue the GPS manufacturer when the user does something stupid. "The CPU made me do it!" I eagerly await the first law suit when a self-parking car injures a pedestrian!
Reply to this comment
Aid
by davidvh2 January 16, 2008 9:00 AM PST
GPS in a car, aircraft or marine vessel is nothing more than an aid & should be treated as such. The drivers, pilots or skippers are supposed to be intelligent people & take care with their navigation by cross-checking with other pointers & not just blindly forge on in the belief that their GPS is infallible.
Reply to this comment
Driver is 100% at fault
by Dr_Zinj January 16, 2008 9:05 AM PST
There is one, and only one person in control of the vehicle at a time; the driver. The driver is responsible for the operation of the vehicle inspite of any distractions inside, or outside, of the vehicle.

He'd have a valid excuse if the tracks were covered with snow and not visible, and he mistook it for the roadway. But to blame it on the GPS???

Let's change the scenario. Instead of driving down a railroad track, he turned right into the path and right-of-way of an on-coming school bus, causing an accident that resulted in the death of 45 children and the bus driver.

Nope. I don't care what the map or the GPS say. They aren't the ones driving, you are.
Reply to this comment
technology makes us stupid and lazy, again
by virtdave January 16, 2008 9:08 AM PST
A couple of years ago, I leased a car in France, with a GPS system. I became lazy enough that I dispensed with my usual stash of maps, and late at night, when setting out from Paris to return the car prior to our flight back to the USA, the GPS crashed and could not be rebooted. No maps. My wife said, as we were going through Clichy-sous-Bois on the way to Roissy, "Let's just stop and ask those nice lads in hoodies partying at the roadside." Luckily I did not, and the next day we found that we had passed through the first night of rioting there, in which hundreds of cars were burned.....
Reply to this comment
Virtual will never replace reality.....
by klank10 January 16, 2008 9:09 AM PST
While our technology continues to evolve, our biology remains --

Is it possible we depend on someone to tell us what's right and what's wrong.. Or is it possible we can still have those thoughts on our own...

As the technology becomes more refined and we start to incorporate the newly developing technology - things will get better - mean while we'll have to keep thinking!

The Technology exists and these who understand and care can see what's coming-up next..

http://www.oceantomoauctions.com/OTA_Catalogue_Lot.asp?eventid=42008&Lot=40
Reply to this comment
 See all 36 Comments >>
Powered by Jive Software
advertisement

Latest tech news headlines

RSS Feeds

Add headlines from CNET News to your homepage or feedreader.

More feeds available in our RSS feed index.

advertisement
Rackspace

Inside CNET News

Scroll Left Scroll Right
  • News - Business Tech

    Chrome's JavaScript challenge to Silverlight

    The advent of Google's Chrome browser, software pros say, should spur a big speedup for JavaScript, which would raise its standing against Microsoft's Silverlight technology.

  • Gallery

    Photos: Top 10 reviews of the week

    Here are CNET Reviews' 10 favorite items from the past week, including the TiVo HD XL, Sony Cyber-shot DSC-H50, and the Dish Network's newest digital TV converter box.

  • News - Apple

    Apple watchers spot 'iPod Nano' pix, iTunes hints

    The rumor mill has long been predicting a longer, leaner new version of the iPod Nano, and now it's conjuring up some pictures.

  • Coop's Corner

    Chris Shipley 1, Internet lynch mob 0

    Demo's impresario goes public with a tart and smartly written riposte to the shoot-from-the-lip crowd.

  • Video

    Katie Couric reflects on first Webcast

    The political conventions are over and so are CBS Evening News anchor Katie Couric's first series of Webcasts. CNET's Kara Tsuboi sat down with Couric on the final night of the Republican National Convention to discuss what she liked about Webcasting, some of her most memorable guests, and whether TV news will still be around by the next round of conventions.

  • News - Digital Media

    National Advertising trade group opposes Yahoo-Google search ad deal

    The Association of National Advertisers announces it has sent a letter to the top antitrust chief for the U.S. Department of Justice, issuing its objections to the controversial Yahoo-Google search ad partnership.

  • Video

    YouTube plays party politics

    During the presidential campaigning four years ago, YouTube didn't even exist. Now it's a tool candidates must master to get their message across. CNET's Kara Tsuboi stops by the YouTube upload booths at the Democratic and Republican conventions to find out why Google's video site has such a big presence in Denver and St. Paul, Minn.

  • News - Gaming and Culture

    Are Demo and TechCrunch50 fragmenting their audiences?

    With both events scheduled to start Monday, many press, as well as venture capitalists and others are having to choose which one to attend.

  • News - Cutting Edge

    Execs predict next Google-like tech

    On eve of company's 10-year anniversary, researchers and business pundits speculate about what technologies might someday have as much impact as Google.

  • Gallery

    Images: The art of 'Spore' prototypes

    Will Wright and his Maxis team worked on dozens of prototypes to test the elements of their soon-to-be-released evolution game. Here's a sampling.

  • Webware

    DemoFall preview: 10 to watch

    If you can only watch 10 pitches from DemoFall, these would be good ones.

  • Green Tech

    Duke Energy to invest in mini solar power plants

    Can hundreds of rooftop solar panels collectively operate like a central power plant? Duke Energy launches $100 million distributed solar program to find out.